Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to adapt the Occupational Low Back Pain Prevention Behavior Questionnaire in Nursing (OLBPPBQ) into Turkish to assess its validity and reliability among nurses in operating room and surgical clinics, as well as to enable further research.
Methods
The data of this methodological study were collected between July-December 2022. The population of the study consisted of surgical unit nurses working in the operating room and surgical clinics of a university hospital in İstanbul, and the sample consisted of 300 surgical unit nurses by taking 10 times the number of scale items. The research data were collected via online e-mail and text message using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) Turkish version (Back-PAQ-Tr-20) and OLBPPBQ Turkish version (OLBPPBQ-Tr) forms. After examining the linguistic equivalence of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and goodness-of-fit statistics were evaluated for validity analyses. Concurrent validity was tested by Pearson correlation analysis of total subscale correlations. Internal consistency of the scale items was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results were accepted at 95% confidence interval and significance was accepted at p<0.05.
Results: The content validity index value of the scale was 0.97. CFA showed that the OLBPPBQ-Tr form was in acceptable agreement with the original scale. The correlations of the scale with Back-PAQ-Tr-20 were found to be significant and positively correlated (p<0.001). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was between 0.75-0.87 except for the “Knowledge” subscale (0.48) and 0.92 for the total OLBPPBQ-Tr.
Conclusion
The results of the study showed that the OLBPPBQ-Tr form is a valid and reliable measurement tool. It is recommended that the scale be used to assess occupational low back pain prevention behaviors in nurses working in surgical units.
Keywords: Low back pain, occupational health, methodological study, perioperative nursing, reliability and validity
References
Kamper SJ, Apeldoorn AT, Chiarotto A, Smeets RJ, Ostelo RW, Guzman J, et al. Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015; 350.
Trinkoff AM, Lipscomb JA, Geiger-Brown J, Brady B. Musculoskeletal problems of the neck, shoulder, and back and functional consequences in nurses. Am J Ind Med. 2002; 41(3): 170-8.
Roupa Z, Vassilopoulos A, Sotiropoulou P, Makrinika E, Noula E, Faros E, et al. The problem of lower back pain in nursing staff and its effect on human activity. Health Sci J. 2008; 2(4): 219-25.
Daraiseh NM, Cronin SN, Davis LS, Shell RL, Karwowski W. Low back symptoms among hospital nurses, associations to individual factors and pain in multiple body regions. Int J Ind Ergon. 2010; 40(1): 19-24.
Feng CK, Chen ML, Mao IF. Prevalence of and risk factors for different measures of low back pain among female nursing aides in Taiwanese nursing homes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007; 8: 52.
Mitchell T, O’Sullivan PB, Smith A, Burnett AF, Straker L, Thornton J, et al. Biopsychosocial factors are associated with low back pain in female nursing students: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009; 46(5): 678-88.
June KJ, Cho SH. Low back pain and work-related factors among nurses in intensive care units. J Clin Nurs. 2011; 20(3-4): 479-87.
Gilchrist A, Pokorná A. Prevalence of musculoskeletal low back pain among registered nurses: results of an online survey. J Clin Nurs. 2021; 30(11-12): 1675-83.
Ibrahim MI, Zubair IU, Yaacob NM, Ahmad MI, Shafei MN. Low back pain and its associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Penang, Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(21): 4254.
Liu Q, Liu X, Lin H, Sun Y, Geng L, Lyu Y, et al. Occupational low back pain prevention capacity of nurses in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2023; 11: 1103325.
Boughattas W, Maalel OE, Maoua M, Bougmiza I, Kalboussi H, Brahem A, et al. Low back pain among nurses: prevalence, and occupational risk factors. Occup Dis Environ Med. 2017; 5(1): 26-37.
Kasa AS, Workineh Y, Ayalew E, Temesgen WA. Low back pain among nurses working in clinical settings of Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 years of studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020; 21(1): 1-11.
Ijabadeniyi OA, Fasae JK. Prevalence of low back pain among nurses and the effects on job performance in tertiary health institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2023; 18: 100560.
Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ. A comparison of a modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire and the quebec back pain disability scale. Phys Ther. 2001; 81(2): 776-88.
Kopec JA, Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, Abenhaim L, Wood-Dauphinee S, Lamping DL, et al. The quebec back pain disability scale. Measurement properties. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995; 20(3): 341-52.
Tay HA, Özgül B, Darlow B, Sarı Z. Cross-cultural translation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the back pain attitudes questionnaire. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2022; 57: 102472.
Kazemi SS, Tavafian SS, Hidarnia A, Montazeri A. Development and validation of an instrument of occupational low back pain prevention behaviours of nurse. J Adv Nurs. 2020; 76(10): 2747-56.
Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2016.
Clark LA, Watson D. Constructing validity: new developments in creating objective measuring instruments. Psychol Assess. 2019; 31(12): 1412-27.
Darlow B, Perry M, Mathieson F, Stanley J, Melloh M, Marsh R, et al. The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ). BMJ Open. 2014; 4(5): e005251.
Dülgeroğlu C, Gürkan A. Reliability and validity of family caregiver quality of life scale in heart failure. Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg. 2018; 26(1): 73-80.
Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. 4th ed. Routledge; 2015.
DeVellis RF, Thorpe CT. Scale development: theory and applications. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2021.
Moss TP, Lawson V, White P, Collaboration AR. Identification of the underlying factor structure of the derriford appearance scale 24. PeerJ. 2015; 3: e1070.
Baharum H, Ismail A, Awang Z, McKenna L, Ibrahim R, Mohamed Z, et al. The study adapted instruments based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate measurement models of latent constructs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(4): 2860.
Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011; 2: 53-5.
Marras WS, Ferguson SA, Burr D, Schabo P, Maronitis A. Low back pain recurrence in occupational environments. Spine. 2007; 32(21): 2387-97.
