Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of individuals with alcohol use disorder towards recovery.
Methods
The study was conducted with individuals who volunteered to participate in the study among the inpatients at the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center (AMATEM) of İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. Data were collected in the interview room of the AMATEM service between January 19, 2023 and April 20, 2023. Purposive sampling method was used in the study and sampling was completed in 9 patients with data saturation. The research data were collected with an Individual Introduction Form and a Semi-Structured In-Depth Interview Form for individuals’ perceptions of recovery. The interview with each individual lasted 45 minutes in total.
Results
All of the individuals who participated in the study were male and had at least one quit attempt. The codes were categorized by constant comparisons in different categories and subcategories according to their repetition, differences and similarities, and three themes (meaning of recovery, source of support for recovery, and maintenance of recovery) were identified to describe patients’ perceptions of recovery in line with the purpose of the study.
Conclusion
Patients’ with alcohol use disorder perceive being able to control their alcohol use and an increase in their functionality as recovery. Patients emphasized that the attitude of nurses and the presence and approach of their families were important determinants for recovery.
Keywords: Recovery, alcohol-substance use disorder, qualitative research
References
World Health Organization (WHO). Global status report on violence prevention 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564793
Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, Arian N, Zimsen SRM, Tymeson HD, et al. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2018; 392(10152): 1015-35.
Hagman BT, Falk D, Litten R, Koob GF. Defining recovery from alcohol use disorder: development of an NIAAA research definition. Am J Psychiatry. 2022; 179(11): 807-13.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Davidson L, Andres‑Hyman R, Bedregal LE, Tondora J, Frey J, Kirk TA. From “Double Trouble” to “Dual Recovery”: Integrating models of recovery in addiction and mental health. J Dual Diagn. 2008; 4(3-4): 273-90.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. A guide to substance abuse services for primary care clinicians. Rockville, MD: substance abuse and mental health services administration (US); 1997. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) Series, No. 24. Report No.: (SMA) 97-3139.
Ashford RD, Brown AM, Brown T, Callis J, Cleveland HH, Eisenhart E, et al. Defining and operationalizing the phenomena of recovery: a working definition from the Recovery Science Research Collaborative. Addiction Res Theory. 2019; 27(3): 179-88.
Witkiewitz K, Wilson AD, Pearson MR, Montes KS, Kirouac M, Roos CR, et al. Profiles of recovery from alcohol use disorder at three years following treatment: can the definition of recovery be extended to include high functioning heavy drinkers? Addiction. 2019; 114(1): 69-80.
Snoek A, Levy N, Kennett J. Strong-willed but not successful: the importance of strategies in recovery from addiction. Addict Behav Rep. 2016; 4: 102-7.
Çam O, Engin E. Madde bağımlılığı. In: Çam O, Engin E, editors. Ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşireliği: bakım sanatı. 1. basım. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. s. 466-83.
Laudet AB. What does recovery mean to you? Lessons from the recovery experience for research and practice. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007; 33(3): 243-56.
Neale J, Nettleton S, Pickering L. What is the role of harm reduction when drug users say they want abstinence? Int J Drug Policy. 2011; 22:189-93.
Başkale H. Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektron Derg. 2016; 9(1): 23-8.
Attepe Özden S, Tekindal M, Gedik TE, Erim F, Ege A, Tekindal MA. Nitel araştırmaların rapor edilmesi: COREQ kontrol listesinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Eur J Sci Technol. 2022; 35: 522-9.
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. United Kingdom Country Drug Report 2018. Lisbon: EMCDDA; 2018. Available from: https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/country-drug-reports/2018/united-kingdom_en
Neale J, Panebianco D, Finch E, Marsden J, Mitcheson L, Rose D, Strang J, Wykes T. Emerging consensus on measuring addiction recovery: findings from a multi-stakeholder consultation exercise. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 2016; 23(1): 31-40.
Yılmaz A, Can Y, Bozkurt M, Evren C. Alkol ve Madde bağımlılığında remisyon ve depreşme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2014; 6(3): 243-56.
Baysan Arabaci L, Ayakdaş Dağli D, Taş G, Büyükbayram Arslan A. Stigmatization and social functioning levels of patients with alcohol use disorders. J Addict Nurs. 2020; 31(4): 295-301.
Tamayo N, Lane A. Effective nursing recovery-oriented interventions for individuals with substance use disorder. J Addict Nurs. 2022; 33(4): 233-46.
Thorkildsen KM, Eriksson K, Råholm MB. The core of love when caring for patients suffering from addiction. Scand J Caring Sci. 2015; 29(2): 353-60.
Johansson L, Wiklund‐Gustin L. The multifaceted vigilance-nurses’ experiences of caring encounters with patients suffering from substance use disorder. Scand J Caring Sci. 2016; 30(2): 303-11.
Laudet AB, Stanick V, Sands B. What could the program have done differently? A qualitative examination of reasons for leaving outpatient treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009; 37(2): 182-90.
Laudet AB, Humphreys K. Promoting recovery in an evolving policy context: what do we know and what do we need to know about recovery support services? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013; 45(1): 126-33.
Stevens E, Jason LA, Ram D, Light J. Investigating social support and network relationships in substance use disorder recovery. Subst Abus. 2015; 36(4): 396-9.
Sevin Ç, Erbay E. Madde bağımlılarının tedavi sonrası sosyal yaşamlarındaki sorunları ve sosyal hizmet uygulamaları. Bağımlılık. 2008; 9(1): 36-41.
Dixit S, Chauhan VS, Azad S. Social support and treatment outcome in alcohol dependence syndrome in armed forces. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(11): VC01-VC05.
Küçükşen K, Şener MM, Tekin HH, Demirel B. Madde bağımlısı bireylerde aile işlevselliği ve sosyal destek algısı. JASSS. 2016; 12(53): 199-212.
Parker P, Banbury S, Chandler C. Efficacy of the rediscovery process on alcohol use, impulsivity and flourishing: a preliminary randomised controlled study and preliminary cohort study. European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology. 2020; 4(13): 1-15.
Baysan Arabacı L, Ayakdaş Dağlı D, Taş G. Emotional dysregulation in substance use disorders and role and responsibilities of nurses. J Depend. 2018; 19(1): 10-6.
Kaskutas LA, Borkman TJ, Laudet A, Ritter LA, Witbrodt J, Subbaraman MS, et al. Elements that define recovery: the experiential perspective. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014; 75(6): 999-1010.
McKay JR. Making the hard work of recovery more attractive for those with substance use disorders. Addiction. 2017; 112(5): 751-7.
Ögel K. Sigara, alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları: tanı, tedavi ve önleme. İstanbul: Yeniden Yayınları. 2010. s. 3-4.
Akın E. Adsız alkoliklerin ayıklık sürecine ilişkin anlatılarının güçlendirme temelinde değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi. Ankara; 2017.
Kelly JF, Magill M, Stout RL. How do people recover from alcohol dependence? A systematic review of the research on mechanisms of behavior change in Alcoholics Anonymous. Addiction Res Theory. 2009;17(3):236‑59.

